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Numbers 5:1-31

A Clean Camp and a Faithful Marriage

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1Then the LORD said to Moses,

2“Command the Israelites to send away from the camp anyone with a skin disease, anyone who has a bodily discharge, and anyone who is defiled by a dead body.

3You must send away male and female alike; send them outside the camp so they will not defile their camp, where I dwell among them.”

4So the Israelites did this, sending such people outside the camp. They did just as the LORD had instructed Moses.

5And the LORD said to Moses,

6“Tell the Israelites that when a man or woman acts unfaithfully against the LORD by committing any sin against another, that person is guilty

7and must confess the sin he has committed. He must make full restitution, add a fifth to its value, and give all this to the one he has wronged.

8But if the man has no relative to whom restitution can be made for the wrong, the restitution belongs to the LORD and must be given to the priest along with the ram of atonement, by which the atonement is made for him.

9Every sacred contribution the Israelites bring to the priest shall belong to him.

10Each man’s sacred gifts are his own, but whatever he gives to the priest will belong to the priest.”

11Then the LORD said to Moses,

12“Speak to the Israelites and tell them that if any man’s wife goes astray and is unfaithful to him

13by sleeping with another man, and it is concealed from her husband and her impurity is undetected (since there is no witness against her and she was not caught in the act),

14and if a feeling of jealousy comes over her husband and he suspects his wife who has defiled herself—or if a feeling of jealousy comes over him and he suspects her even though she has not defiled herself—

15then he is to bring his wife to the priest. He must also bring for her an offering of a tenth of an ephah of barley flour. He is not to pour oil over it or put frankincense on it, because it is a grain offering for jealousy, an offering of memorial as a reminder of iniquity.

16The priest is to bring the wife forward and have her stand before the LORD.

17Then he is to take some holy water in a clay jar and put some of the dust from the tabernacle floor into the water.

18After the priest has the woman stand before the LORD, he is to let down her hair and place in her hands the grain offering of memorial, which is the grain offering for jealousy. The priest is to hold the bitter water that brings a curse.

19And he is to put the woman under oath and say to her, ‘If no other man has slept with you and you have not gone astray and become defiled while under your husband’s authority, may you be immune to this bitter water that brings a curse.

20But if you have gone astray while under your husband’s authority and have defiled yourself and lain carnally with a man other than your husband’—

21and the priest shall have the woman swear under the oath of the curse—‘then may the LORD make you an attested curse among your people by making your thigh shrivel and your belly swell.

22May this water that brings a curse enter your stomach and cause your belly to swell and your thigh to shrivel.’ Then the woman is to say, ‘Amen, Amen.’

23And the priest shall write these curses on a scroll and wash them off into the bitter water.

24He is to have the woman drink the bitter water that brings a curse, and it will enter her and may cause her bitter suffering.

25The priest shall take from her hand the grain offering for jealousy, wave it before the LORD, and bring it to the altar.

26Then the priest is to take a handful of the grain offering as a memorial portion and burn it on the altar; after that he is to have the woman drink the water.

27When he has made her drink the water, if she has defiled herself and been unfaithful to her husband, then the water that brings a curse will enter her and cause bitter suffering; her belly will swell, her thigh will shrivel, and she will become accursed among her people.

28But if the woman has not defiled herself and is clean, she will be unaffected and able to conceive children.

29This is the law of jealousy when a wife goes astray and defiles herself while under her husband’s authority,

30or when a feeling of jealousy comes over a husband and he suspects his wife. He is to have the woman stand before the LORD, and the priest is to apply to her this entire law.

31The husband will be free from guilt, but the woman shall bear her iniquity.”

Berean Standard Bible

Read aloud

God tells Israel to send those with specified ceremonial uncleanness outside the camp because He dwells among them. The rule applies to men and women. It concerns their status in Israel's camp, not a claim that every physical condition is a personal moral failure.

When someone sins against a neighbor, the wrong is also unfaithfulness to the LORD. The person must confess, restore what is owed, and add a fifth. If there is no relative to receive the restitution, it goes to the LORD through the priest, along with the ram for atonement.

The final law concerns a husband who suspects his wife of adultery without a witness or discovery in the act. He brings her to the priest with barley flour. Before the LORD, she takes an oath and drinks water containing dust from the tabernacle and the words of a written curse washed into it.

The stated outcome belongs to God's judgment. If she has been unfaithful, the curse brings bodily harm; if she is innocent, she is unaffected and able to have children. The text gives this procedure for an accused wife, not a matching procedure for an accused husband. Its difficult and unequal setting should be acknowledged, not concealed. It is not a test for a family to reproduce today.

Questions

1 Why were certain people sent outside the camp?

AnswerGod dwelt among Israel, and the specified uncleanness affected the camp's holiness. The command applied to men and women alike.

2 What did a person who wronged a neighbor have to do?

AnswerConfess, make full restitution, add one-fifth, and bring the ram for atonement. Coming before God did not replace repayment to the person wronged.

3 Did the husband's suspicion establish that his wife was guilty?

AnswerNo. The law expressly includes the possibility that she has not been unfaithful. The matter is brought before the LORD rather than treated as settled by suspicion.

4 What outcome does the law state for an innocent woman?

AnswerShe is unaffected and able to conceive children. The account assigns judgment to God; it gives us no modern test to administer to someone we suspect.

What This Means for Us

A hidden wrong against a neighbor still matters to God, and restitution must reach the person harmed. At the same time, fearing that someone has wronged us is not the same as knowing they have.

Tell the truth about harm you have caused and make repair where you can. If jealousy or fear is driving an accusation, seek wise help before treating it as fact. Another person's safety and dignity must not depend on satisfying every suspicion.

Prayer

Holy God, make our communities safe for truth and careful with weakness. Teach us to repair harm, resist suspicion, and bring difficult matters to wise judgment instead of secret retaliation. Amen.

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